Impact of Climate Change on Avalanche Behavior in Switzerland by 2100

By 2100, climate change is predicted to reduce avalanches in Switzerland overall while increasing the risk of wet snow avalanches. The WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research reports a potential rise in wet snow incidents, particularly above the tree line, necessitating precautionary measures such as the closure of ski resorts in hazard-prone areas.

Climate change is projected to cause a reduction in the overall frequency of avalanches in Switzerland by the year 2100; however, it will simultaneously heighten the risk of wet snow avalanches. This phenomenon occurs when part of the snowpack is saturated from melting or rainfall, particularly at higher elevations above the tree line. The WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) has indicated that with a projected increase in average winter temperatures by approximately five degrees Celsius, dry snow avalanches will diminish, while wet snow avalanches are expected to rise. Furthermore, avalanches will likely become less frequent in valley areas, yet extreme snowfall events could still trigger larger avalanches at elevated locations, potentially allowing them to reach valley floors under certain circumstances. The SLF’s findings are based on research conducted at seven different sites in Switzerland, including Weissfluhjoch above Davos and a site at 2,700 meters near Zermatt. The implications of these findings extend not only to Switzerland but are applicable to other Alpine regions and similar climatic environments such as the Columbia Mountains in Canada.

The potential impact of climate change on avalanche behavior in Switzerland has garnered attention due to its implications for safety and management of ski resorts and mountainous areas. As temperatures rise, the dynamics of snow accumulation and melting are altered, leading to a shifting balance between different types of avalanche occurrences. Research conducted by the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) highlights the necessity for adaptive strategies in managing avalanche risks amid changing climatic conditions, demonstrating the need for increased caution in vulnerable areas.

In summary, while the overall frequency of avalanches in Switzerland is expected to decrease due to climate change, the likelihood of wet snow avalanches will increase significantly by 2100. This shift necessitates enhanced safety measures, notably the closure of ski resorts situated in vulnerable zones. The findings underline the broader implications of climate change on snow dynamics and avalanche risk management in mountainous regions.

Original Source: www.swissinfo.ch